Hotel Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hotel Management - Assignment Example This team will include a broker, an appraiser, an accountant, an attorney, an architect, an engineer, a marketing and financial consultant. The broker will assist in the negotiation of the purchase. The appraiser will be a person who has either done appraisal of similar properties or has appraised properties in the hotel construction and leasing market. The accountant will be responsible for reviewing the records kept on the property to determine whether the funds are being applied appropriately, and whether the reporting systems and financial controls are adequate. The attorney will be a legal consultant specializing in hotel works and will assist in the formulation of acquisition strategies. The attorney will assist in the identification and coordination of the members of the acquisition team, and also offer advice on structure and terms of transactions. The attorney will also assist in issues of legal due diligence, including the significance of litigation and regulatory and title issues. In its popular usage the word conveyance signifies the document employed to carry out a purchase of land. But the term conveyance is of much wider import, and comprises the preparation and completion of all kinds of legal instruments. A well-known branch of the conveyancers business is the investigation of title. An important function in the case of purchases or mortgages of real estate. With personal estate (other than leasehold) he has perhaps not so much concern. Chattels are usually transferred by delivery, and stocks or shares by means of printed instruments which can be bought at a law-stationers. The common settlements and wills, however, deal wholly or mainly with personal property; and an interest in settled personality is frequently the subject of a mortgage. Of late years, also, there has been an enormous increase in the volume of conveyancing business in connection. with limited joint-stock companies. In the preparation of legal documents the practitioner is much assisted by the use of precedents. These are outlines or models of instruments of all kinds, exhibiting in. accepted legal phraseology their usual form and contents with additions and variations adapted to particular circumstances. Collections of them have been in use from early times, certainly since printing became common. The modern precedent is, upon the whole, concise and businesslike. The prolixity which formerly characterized most legal documents has largely disappeared, mainly through the operation of statutes which enable many clauses previously inserted at great length to be, in some cases, e.g. covenants for title, incorporated by the use of a few prescribed words, and in others safely omitted altogether. The Solicitors Remuneration Act 1881, has also assisted the process of curtailment, for there is now little or no connection between the length of a deed and the cost of its preparation. So long as the draftsm an adheres to recognized legal phraseology and to the well settled methods of carrying out legal operations, there is no reason why modern

Prayers in Schools Essay Example for Free

Prayers in Schools Essay My name is Ericka Jaid Laurett heil. I have long brown hair and I have blue eyes and I am 5’6. My interests are drawing, playing Xbox, babysitting, watching family guy, and sleeping. My expectations for myself are to pass high school not failing any classes. I was close to failing my expectation because I failed math. But I took credit recovery and got the credit! I wish to be a pediatrician because I love kids and helping them and making them happy. Activities that I enjoy are volleyball, basketball and I used to play soccer but my knees and ankles are bad. My mom’s name is Janda-lynn laurett heil, my dad’s name is Adam Jack Heil, my older sister’s name is Devon Brooke Heil, and my younger sister’s name is Emily Mable Clara Heil. I am the middle child of the family. My family grew up around Bobbi and Tom pitkanen. I called them auntie and uncle all the time. We used to go camping every year at a little campsite we made on an island down the Dryden highway. I actually thought that we were related but recently I found out they are just a close family friend. Also, my best friend’s grandmother lives beside me and I talk to her about everything! Sometimes I just go there and talk to her, and sometimes she comes by my house and chats for a bit. My best friend’s grandmother knows more about me than my mother. Well I have a very strong relationship with my dad’s mom. My mom’s mom left and turned against my family because of something personal that happened in the past. My grandma heil has always been there for my mom and me and my sisters and my dad and even our family friends! She has great advice and is such a nice woman. A couple years ago she was on the phone with my uncle and she had a brain aneurism and collapsed while she was on the phone. She got shipped to Winnipeg and had surgery Everyone in my family was so upset. She is probably the only grandparent or person in my mom and dad’s side of the family that was actually there for our family and helped us through rough times. She is my bestfriend. My relationship with my sisters is okay at times. I love my sisters but they both bother me. My little sister gets me so mad you don’t even know. I beat her up all the time and when I say beat†¦ I actually mean beat. : P I can kinda tap her with my shoulder and I’m being dead honest she screams and runs to my mom or dad. Its like she’s scared of me or something. My older sister always waits till I leave the house and she steals all my clothes and says there hers. She’s lucky she has a child, I would never beat her up in front of her baby. She is my only sister that I actually trust and can tell stuff to. I was always there for her when she needed help when we were younger, so I trust her with a lot. They are important to me because they are family. If anyone were to hurt them I would honestly beat the person up. I have done that for my little sister already. I don’t like her friends and they know not to do that kind of stuff to my family. My family has helped me with my volleyball sport choice. They have paid for all my volleyball travels and my shirt’s and all that fun stuff. They were the ones that told me about the viper’s volleyball team in grade 8. I tried out and made both cuts so I was on the team! We travelled to Kenora and to a town outside of Winnipeg. I was with a lot of my friends and it was so much fun. We competed in tournaments again kids nowhere near here. I have been told I am great at playing volleyball and that I should try out for the volleyball team. I wanted to but I never had the good grades and the perfect attendance for that. They helped me to become the person I am today. To be strong and stick up for what I believe. That’s why I’m such a smart mouth. I get it from my daddy. Well before I came into high school my family and a close family friend’s family would go to a campsite thing that we made on an island down the Dryden highway. We would stay there and camp for at least a week. Other then that I don’t really know any other things that my family does together. I don’t socialize with my family and if I do it’s Devon or it’s because I want something. I don’t really ever leave my bedroom unless I have to go to the washroom, I’m hungry, I have to do the dishes, I’m babysitting, or I leave the house. Well in my future family I’m going to continue to go camping every year and I don’t really know what else to do. I kind of keep to myself in my house so I don’t really know what my family does that I could continue in my future family. That is all I have to say about my family and my life really. I love my family and my friends and I don’t know what I would do without them.

Life & Liberty Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Life and Liberty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A bill of rights are what the people are entitled to against every government, and what no just government should refuse.† –Thomas Jefferson 1781   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There has been no abuse of rights, and sometimes we must weigh rights against responsibilities.† -Attorney General John Ashcroft 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since our founding fathers first drafted a constitution, America’s core values have been life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; without interference from the government. For the better part of two hundred years, Americans have focused on developing a fair and free democracy, in which everyone has an equal say and as many individual rights and freedoms as are possible in an effective society. Every once in a while, (America fights a major war about every twenty years on average.) improving and maintaining democracy falls into the shadows, and protecting what we have created becomes American’s foremost concern.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.S.A. Patriot Act was passed on October 26, 2001, with almost no opposition from Congress. (Senate 98-1, House of Representatives 357-66.)(Life & Liberty) The country was still shaken by the event of September the 11th. In fact while the bill was in deliberation, there was almost no opposition of any kind from special interest groups or organizations nationwide. Once the bill was enacted, two distinct sides were formed, one side confident that any loss of privacy was worth ensuring our safety and protecting our free democracy, and the other side questioning whether the assurance of safety was worth trading away our personal freedoms and right to privacy piece by piece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three-hundred forty-two page Patriot Act effects many American institutions, from local laws and civil policies all the way up to the Constitution, and most controversially, the Bill of Rights. The Bush administration maintains that the Act is an instrumental device in counteracting terrorism. They point to Sections 203 through 211 of the bill (Evergreen, Title II), which change the way info... ...ely† (PIPA). With varied poll results like these, it is easy to resolve that the American public is wholly unsure of how the Patriot Act affects them. While the Bush administration seeks to calm Americans and assure them that the Act protects our freedoms, groups like the ACLU seek to frighten and enrage Americans, alerting them to what freedoms have been taken away. With 62% of Americans still in the dark about what the USA Patriot Act actually means and does (Gallup), this is a battle that surely will not end soon. Works Cited: Evergreen State College; â€Å"Official legal summary of the USA Patriot Act†, February 14, 2003 Gallup Polling Organization poll conducted August through September 2003, released September 6, 2003 On-Air interview with Larry King October 21, 2004, taken from cnn.com Supreme Court case decisions taken from lawlibrary.com/supremecourt â€Å"Letters of Thomas Jefferson†, 1781, Virginia State Library Foundation Congress voting results taken from Life&Liberty.gov PIPA (Program on International Policy Attitudes and the Center for International and Security Studies) University of Maryland. Poll conducted August through September 2003, released September 18, 2003.

Corporate Governance Is The System By Which Companies Are Directed And Controlled Accounting Essay

The first version of the UK Code on Corporate Governance was produced in 1992 by the Cadbury Committee. The authoritative definition of Corporate Governance in the context of the Code: ‘Corporate administration is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Boardss of managers are responsible for the administration of their companies. The stockholders ‘ function in administration is to name the managers and the hearers and to fulfill themselves that an appropriate administration construction is in topographic point. The duties of the board include puting the company ‘s strategic purposes, supplying the leading to set them into consequence, oversing the direction of the concern and coverage to stockholders on their stewardship. The board ‘s actions are capable to Torahs, ordinances and the stockholders in general meeting. ‘ The board of managers leads and controls a company and hence an effectual board is the cardinal to the success of the company. The Department of Trade and Industry ( 2004 ) agreed that effectual boards are as much concerned with public presentation as with conformity in run intoing the demands of company jurisprudence and using the rules and commissariats of the Combined Code. However, the UK Corporate Governance Code ( 2008 ) concluded a similar standard as Combined Code ( 2004 ) on board effectivity. ‘Firstly, there should be a formal, strict and crystalline process for the assignment of new managers to the board. Second, all managers should be able to apportion sufficient clip to the company to dispatch their duties efficaciously. Third, all managers should have initiation on fall ining the board and should regularly update and review their accomplishments and cognition. The board should be supplied in a timely mode with information in a signifier and of a quality appropriate to enable it to dispatch its responsibilities. Fourthly, the board should set about a formal and strict one-year rating of its ain public presentation and that of its commissions and single managers. Last, all managers should be submitted for re-election at regular intervals, capable to continued satisfactory performance. ‘ The UK Code on Corporate Governance ( 2010 ) besides stated that the intent of corporate administration is to ease effectual, entrepreneurial and prudent direction that can present the long-run success of the company. Good Administration has ever association with success companies and would assist companies pull investing capital. The apprehension of corporate administration that the work of Cadbury Committee insisted: ‘The state ‘s economic system depends on the thrust and efficiency of its companies. Therefore the effectivity with which boards discharge their duties determines Britain ‘s competitory place. ‘ ( Cadbury, 1992 ) Furthermore, the Cadbury Committee emphasized the freedom driven within a model of effectual answerability, which is the kernel of any system of good corporate administration ( Cadbury, 1992 ) . There is an increasing realisation the higher criterions of corporate administration are non merely necessary to guarantee answerability, but b esides to positively better corporate public presentation ( Clarke, 2007 ) . More sophisticated methodological analysiss are now being applied with more promising consequences, with ‘an increasing organic structure of finance literature proposing companies with superior administration offer better comparative investing public presentation or lower investing hazard ‘ ( Clarke, 2007 ) . Clarke ( 2007 ) found that the board of managers is the fulcrum of corporate administration: the critical link in which the lucks of the company are decided. Stiles and Taylor indicated the same point of view in 2001: ‘The board is the nexus between the stockholders of the steadfast to-day operations of the organisation ‘ .The effectivity of non-executive managersCorporate administration has become a heated-discussed subject in developed economic systems late as a consequence of widespread failures of the planetary fiscal system ( Shleifer and Vishny, 1997 ) . There is small uncertainty about the primacy of this status as it is normally accepted that a ‘lack of monitoring by independent, disinterested non-executive managers has been a major cause for the assorted corporate dirts that we have witnessed ‘ ( High degree Group of Company Law Experts, 2002 ) . Kakabadse et Al. ( 2010 ) observed that ‘the struggle of involvement that occurs by holding a board dwelling about wholly of insider executive managers means that independent rating of company determinations is earnestly compromised ‘ . In the point of position, lawfully, the foreigner non-executive managers, who are expected to dispatch the responsibilities of trueness, attention and good concern judgement, are every bit responsible for the direction of the corporation ( Lorsch and Maclver, 1989 ) . On the other manus, practically, Weimer and Pape ( 1999 ) suggest that the non-executive managers advise the inside executive managers on a major policy determinations while bearing the involvements of stockholders. In the facet of Agency theory, it assumes that the presence of independent non-executive managers on the company boards should assist to supervise direction on behalf of stockholders by presenting an independent voice in the council chamber ( Solomon, 2010 ) . It would cut down the ill-famed struggles of involvement between stockholders and direction. So, an independ ent board needed to be created both competent and free from prejudice. Harmonizing to Firth et Al ‘s research findings in 2007, boards with a big proportion of non-executive managers are more likely to implement performance-related wage strategies. They conclude that the independent non-executive managers help to aline the involvements of stockholders and the CEO via the compensation of CEO. However, the non-executive managers have non escaped unfavorable judgment during the planetary fiscal crisis. Burgess ( 2009 ) observed that ‘the quality of former non-executive managers in RBS has been questioned as many of them had limited banking experience and could barely be regarded as independent, peculiarly when the bank had a really powerful CEO doing it hard for the non-executive managers to stand up to him ‘ . In the recent research findings, Lawler and Finegold ( 2005 ) revealed that there are no important relationships between board effectivity and the pattern of holding a non-executive chair or that of holding an independent individual functioning as a leader. It indicates that a good functioning corporate administration system is more than merely seting a construction in topographic point. Although the jurisprudence puting the regulations of board responsibilities, it still have a big portion of the existent administration and control of corporations occurs that non written into Torahs. It would be utile to hold an equal apprehension of agent or direction motive and behavior within a corporate scene ( Marnet, 2007 ) . It is reported in the 6th International Conference on Corporate Governance and Board Leadership ( 2003 ) that on the footing of in-depth interviews with 60 board members of Belgian listed companies, the managers were asked to sum up what they believe are elements of a good board of managers. The quality of the board meetings and board composings are two most important elements of a good board of managers. A good manager must fix the information good including the information and format before the meeting. Besides managers must demo involvement in what the company and its concern units are making. Furthermore, the quality of treatments or arguments is important for an effectual board meeting. Each manager should hold an chance to talk up freely and lend in the meeting. Berghe and Levrau ( 2005 ) said that the board of managers must be critical but to continue a comfy and constructive clime during the board meeting. The study besides emphasizes the determinations made by board of manag ers may non be dominated by direction or stockholders. It should be considered good and might look on the board agenda more than one time. On the other manus, the function of board of managers is, as one manager explained, â€Å" We need to be able to see the present, whilst maintaining an oculus on the hereafter † . An effectual board of managers must hold the bravery to take hazards. Furthermore, supervising and control is a 2nd function of boards. They should purely supervise the development of the results, and confront these with the fiscal programs. Most of the recent codifications strengthen the independency of board. On the one manus, they adopt an addition in the proportion of independent managers on the board. On the other manus, they advocate a more extended and restrictive definition of independency. That is to state, most of concerns express a strong belief of independency that has potency to forestall future dirts. However, manager ‘s independency is non plenty. In-depth analysis of the corporate dirts at Enron, WorldCom and others has revealed that the happening of struggles of involvement throughout the concatenation of monitoring was one of the cardinal issues in those prostrations. ‘Not merely at board or corporate degree, but besides at the degree of the external proctors struggles of involvement seemed to hold flourished, taking to state of affairss wherein the personal involvements of the parties involved prevailed over corporate and societal involvements ‘ ( Van den Berghe and Baelden, 2003 ) . The dirts have demonstrated that good administration will non come by composing codifications of best pattern and supervising the formal application of these recommendations. Some of these companies complied with all the necessary ordinances, but yet, it went incorrect. In fact, there are a batch of corporate administration advocators who province the sentiment that an independent manager should non merely happen himself officially in the right place, but needs besides †something more † than the features determined in the corporate administration codifications and recommendations ( Berghe and Baelden, 2005 ) .Director ‘s TrainingThe Tyson Report on the Recruitment and Development of non-executive Directors in 2003 provinces that as non-executive managers ‘ duties and liabilities addition, companies should put more in preparation. Companies that score high Markss on studies of good corporate administration normally devote considerable clip to developing their non-executive managers. The Combined Code ( 2008 ) considered the information and professional development as an indispensable requirement for managers. The chief rule observed that ‘all managers should have initiation on fall ining the board and should regularly update and review their accomplishments and cognition ‘ . It is suggested in the Combined Code ( 2008 ) that ‘the managers should continually update their accomplishments the cognition and acquaintance with the company required to carry through their function both on the board and on board commissions ‘ . On the other manus, the company should supply the necessary resources for developing and updating the manager ‘s cognition and capablenesss. In the Code Provisions, it is suggested that the president should supply the new managers a ‘full formal and tailored ‘ initiation when they join the board. The company still needs to offer an chance for major stockholders to run into the new non-executive manager. The Institute of Directors ( 2009 ) discovered that the effectivity of freshly appointed non-executive managers should be improved by rapidly constructing their cognition of the organisation. The organisation should supply an initiation for those non-executive managers help them cognize where they can utilize the accomplishments and experience they have gained elsewhere for the benefit of the company. In the Review of the Role and Responsibilities of Non-Executive Directors, Derek Higgs ( 2003 ) recommends that a comprehensive, formal and trim initiation should ever be provided to new non-executive managers to guarantee an early part to the board. Basically, non-executive managers will already hold relevant accomplishments, cognition, experience and abilities. However, widening and reviewing their cognition and accomplishments will add to their credibleness and effectivity in the council chamber ( IoD, 2009 ) . The David Walker ‘s 2nd study with fiscal recommendation in December 2009 recognized the importance of larning lesA ­sons from the prostration of the Bankss, while at the same clip admiting the deficiency of grounds presently available as to the overall effectivity of non-executive managers on boards. The study is much made of the demand for behavioral alteration with an accent on the civilization within the council chamber and the importance of constructive challenge of the manageA ­ment. One of the of import proposals concerned with the initiation, preparation and the development of non-executive managers. However, the function of a manager peculiarly that independent non-executive manager is fundamenA ­tally different to that of a senior operational director from whose ranks most non-executives are recruited. The function requires a holistic position of the organisation, non merely one specific functional country. Edward Walker-Arnott ( 2010 ) observed ‘non-execu tives require an expressed grasp of their typical function as administration histrions, including their responsibility to rigorously challenge and measure the competency of the executive squad on behalf of stockholders ‘ . This position may non come of course to many managers as they make the passage from executive to non-executive functions. Walker-Arnott ( 2010 ) besides implied that independent non-executive managers as a distinguishable professional grouping could benA ­efit from specifying themselves. The peculiar group of managers would integrate approA ­priate director-level preparation. It would besides advance values of independency, challenge, and public service amongst its practicians. It is possible to hold an external initiation procedure that non-execA ­utive managers were to the full acknowledged of their administration duties, including their legal responsibilities and the outlooks of stockholders and other stakeholders. For new reachings, the quality of the initiation procedure is critical. It needs to give managers an ‘early feel ‘ for the concern and an apprehension of the issues they are likely to be covering with whilst, in the interim, giving them an early chance to do a positive part and add value to the board ( DTI, 2004 ) . A high quality executive squad will non digest the managers for a long clip in footings of board kineticss therefore it is important for new non-executives to catch up the measure every bit rapidly as possible. ICI ‘s attack gives us an illustration of the successful application on initiation procedure. Peter Ellwood, Chairman of ICI, believes that a proper initiation procedure for new managers makes sound commercial sense: ‘The Board is jointly responsible for the success of the Company. The relentless hunt for universe category public presentation must get down within the Boardroom. To work optimally, non-executive managers need to truly understa nd non merely the concern but besides their personal and corporate duties. They have to hold a feel for the company, non merely turn up to meetings. We are looking for them to hold an apprehension of what drives the concern and how they personally can do an effectual part ‘ . In pattern, at ICI, the procedure of initiation is designed to suit for both single and the specific spreads in their cognition or experience. For illustration, the initiation arranges new managers to run into as many people in the company as they can, across the sections such HR, Finance every bit good as out in the field. They are advised to hold a travel to admit to the concern and will go on to make this throughout their clip on the board. The ICI thought it is of import for new managers whether they are maintaining up to rush. ‘Each new manager has a formal initiation session led by the Company Secretary, augmented by the Assistant Secretary and person at a senior degree with a good trade of co mpany experience, explicating the issues for ICI ‘ ( DTI, 2004 ) . The Sessionss chiefly covered such as Risk, Regulation and Practice, including fiducial responsibilities, responsibilities of attention and diligence, how the board is managed, what makes an effectual board, the Combined Code and other ordinances. New managers become more effectual as subscribers more rapidly. The experience is valuable for new managers. Peter Ellwood is undoubted of the benefits to the concern: ‘It ‘s bottom line common sense to give new managers a thorough initiation. It ‘s non rocket scientific discipline but good pattern, because it means that the people fall ining the board will be more effectual. ‘ He still emphasized the initiation will add new manager ‘s value and do them effectual much more rapidly and use their endowment for benefit of the concern and its stockholders at the beginning. The Boardroom late carried out a study of taking institutional stockho lders in order to inform the development of its personalized development programmes for managers and senior executives ( DTI, 2004 ) . The responses from the stockholders perspective highlight one of the importance is that an effectual initiation procedure with strong support for doing initiation preparation compulsory for new managers.Director ‘s Skills and QualificationsBy and large talking, concern experience is of import for a non-executive manager. However, an effectual board is necessary formed by a assortment of backgrounds. The Higgs Report assumed that ‘the interplay of varied and complementary positions amongst different members of the board can significantly profit board public presentation ‘ . Harmonizing to the premise, non-executive managers would be chosen by different genders, nationality, expertness and experience. The responses from research and audience indicate the grounds that there is a deficit of good people to take on non-executive functions . In some fortunes, the board seems to hold sufficient supply of endowment nevertheless the job is non being good dealt with. It has been suggested that campaigners for non-executive managers is narrow. It is clearly that the company is interested in enrolling the best people for this place. However, it is hard for board to separate the virtues of them without prejudice and subjective judgement. The Higgs research shows that ‘Non-executive managers are typically white males approaching retirement age with old public limited company manager experience. There are less than 20 non-executive managers on FTSE 100 boards under the age of 45. In the telephone study for the Review, seven per cent of non-executive managers were non British, and one per cent was from black and cultural minority groups ‘ . The study still mentioned the proportion of genders in non-executive managers: ‘The really low figure of female non-executive managers is striking in comparing with other professions and with the population of directors in UK companies overall. The labour force study investigates that across the corporate sector as a whole, around 30 per cent of directors overall are female. Merely six per cent of non-executive stations are held by adult females, and there are merely two female presidents in the FTSE 350. However, the diverseness and mix of experience and gender would beneficial for the board in playing an consultative function in determination devising and puting scheme program. With the similar backgrounds non-executive frequently tend to believe in a similar but narrow facet. In add-on, it is reported that in some countries adult females managers tend to be more strongly represented in functions such as human resources, alteration direction and client attention which are non regarded as traditional paths to the board. The enlisting or replacing of the non-executive managers is non merely sing the basic accomplishments and making of single but besides the diverseness and mix background to do board effectivity. On other manus, as the Higgs Review observed, ‘Currently, few executive managers or talented persons merely below board degree sit as non-executive managers in other companies. Of more than 5,000 executive managers in UK listed companies, presently 282 hold a non-executive manager station in a UK listed company. There are many benefits of making so. The company that employs the person on a full-time footing will profit from the single gaining a broader position and developing accomplishments and attributes relevant to any future function as a manager. Conversely, the board of the company having the single benefits from executive experience elsewhere. This encourages the sharing and airing of best pattern. ‘ ( Higgs, 2003 ) In the Tyson Report ( 2003 ) , it is said that main executives of big companies appointed qualified directors to actively nurture non-executive managers ‘ endowment from their â€Å" marzipan † direction ranks to function on their divisional, regional or subordinate boards. The study besides states that head executives besides are willing to promote such persons to accept non-executive managers ‘ places on the boards of non-competitor companies. However, as the duties and liabilities required on non-executive managers addition, the commitment clip of non-executive managers ‘ places augments. Therefore, the main executives are hence likely to go more loath to let their most promising directors to presume them ( Tyson, 2003 ) . In the yesteryear, the directors ‘ endowment has non been traditional beginning of non-executive manager campaigners, whilst the companies on a regular basis claim that people are their valuable plus. It is besides agreed by Higgs ( 2003 ) that the issues dealt with in such countries are of import 1s for the board and that direction roles in such countries encourage accomplishments and property that is extremely relevant to the council chamber. It is reported that merely 20 of the FTSE 250 presently have the human resource map on the board. Afterwards, when the Higgs Review was published, Geoff Armstrong, Director General of the Chartered Institute for Personnel & A ; Development ( CIPD ) said: ‘There is a huge pool of endowment within the human resource profession. Such persons would convey a new dimension to the non-executive function and guarantee that an organisation ‘s cardinal driver of value – viz. its people – is taken earnestly at board degree . They would convey a fresh and much-needed position to the decision-making procedure. ‘ The CIPD believes that human resources professionals could besides convey critical expertness to the wage commission. The Armstrong Institutes observed that ‘Pay and wages is their stock-in-trade – it would do a batch of sense. Equally, choice, initiation, preparation and public presentation direction are countries of expertness which could be applied with value to both executive and non-executive managers ‘ . The Tyson study ( 2003 ) discovered that ‘lawyers and advisers working in consultative functions to concern are another beginning of non-executive manager ‘s endowments as are those who have retired from accounting houses and are no longer restricted from keeping non-executive managers places ‘ . It should be encouraged by professional service houses to allow their senior people accept non-executive assignments. The probe indicates that presently merely 14 per centum of FTSE 100 non-executive managers have accountancy makings and less than three per centum have jurisprudence makings. Furthermore, since adult females are better represented in professional se rvices than in top direction places in the corporate sector, an addition in non-executive managers ‘ assignments from such houses is likely to intend an addition in adult females functioning in non-executive managers places. In a word, the accomplishments and experience of non-executive managers is a valuable plus on companies, which could non merely go more effectiveness through preparation and initiation but besides take a professional consultative function in another companies.DrumheadThe thesis is what makes board effectual. After the dirts at Enron Corp. , Tyco International Ltd, Adelphia Communications Corp. , and WorldCom Inc. before this decennary ( Solomon, 2007 ) , there is a turning involvement in the corporate administration systems of developing and transitional economic systems. The Combined Code ( 2008 ) emphasized that ‘all managers should have initiation on fall ining the board and should regularly update and review their accomplishments and cognition â €˜ which represent one of most important parts of the board effectivity. However, many surveies focus on non-executive managers ‘ independency and pay strategies but non on the initiation programme and accomplishments and making update. Although much of the literature ignores the being of manager initiation programme there is grounds to propose corporate should take more attending on it. In the Higgs study about reappraisal of the function and effectivity of non-executive managers ( 2003 ) , there is an initiation checklist which provides a counsel of initiation. As a standard, the research will look into the initiation programme presenting in the corporate administration of the one-year study. Therefore, the thesis will bridge the spread in the literature by following the Combined Code and other study to analyze whether each company have an eligible initiation programme harmonizing to the standards and been disclosed suitably in the one-year study.

“Poor People would be better off if they had fewer children to feed and clothe”. Essay

â€Å"Poor People would be better off if they had fewer children to feed and clothe†. The competence of the poor in rearing children will always be a notion of concern in every society, notably in the Caribbean region. Sadly, we suffer from different economic and social developmental issues which dates back as far to the issuing of independence from our colonial states with the exception of some French Caribbean countries such as ; Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Martin and British Virgin Islands. However, most countries are plagued with the demon of unemployment courtesy of the fluctuating economy in the world at large and in the west. Most countries also suffer from brain drain leading back to the slow economy . For each society to be effectively studied, one has to go beyond the surface and dissect the situation, as cells are to the body so are people to the society/ country that we live in, hence the importance of population studies in finding out issues that plague the society, further leading us to the topic of discussion and evaluation today which is â€Å" Poor p eople would be better off if they had fewer children to feed and clothe†. There is no doubt in my mind that this statement is indeed factual. Poor by definition means having little or no money, goods or means of support. Therefore if i was poor and I had less dependents to worry about I would be better off having fewer children to feed and clothes, and if I should take the liberty of drawing your imagination to the reality of having the responsibility to also send multiple children to school and provide them with technological advancements†¦ poor people are 120% better off if they had less responsibility. The rich however, do not suffer from the aches of having too much children or too little because in essence they can survive this plight . For this notion of response, the writer will be drawing knowledge from the Malthusian theory and also the Neo – Malthusian and Marxist theory , but for now let us focus a bit on the Mathus ideology and how effective it is on the evaluation of the population growth and trends. Thomas Malthus, the founder of this theory postulates that if the population continues to grow rapidly, then the effects would be detrimental, he pointed this out in his famous treatise. He states that the population increases in geometric proportions ( 2, 4, 6, 8) while the food resources available for them would  only increase arithmetically i.e 1, 2,3†¦ in simple words if the human population was â€Å"allowed† to increase at a faster rate than the food supply , a point would come when food sources couldn’t support the growing population. Malthus in his thinking doubted the ingenuity of mankind and technology and even though his theory is not exactly wrong it doesn’t necessarily fit the Caribbean perspective. Food and clothes are available yes, but do we all have the capital to purchase these goods to make life comfortable? Further leading us to thinking of Karl Marx who is hell bent on that it is the inequality of the ruling class that causes poverty, malnutrition, crime and hunger. This would be solved if fair opportunities were given to other people and not only those with wealth running through their veins; this theory fits in to the Caribbean society today. The ruling would be the politicians and those who are apart of big organizations. These are the people whose children are better off in life and they also receive heavy wages and they perform less taxing work. Compared to the middle class and lower workers, who work for such unfair wages. Thus leading to the underdevelopment of the impoverished and certain population trends such as the heavy migration levels in each country. This further leads to the loss of human development because the people who leave their home countries for better job opportunities and improvements in living standards leave a gap in the society which the government has to fill, costing more. The issue of crime and deviance in the society can be related to having poor back grounds and broken homes, especially juvenile delinquency. The writer took it upon herself to assess these implications and to the extent at which they are true and I came across a family in my community who can be considered as poor. This family living in one 2 bedroom house, with an outside bathroom and kitchen has 35 peop le living in it. In this family there are 2 people over 60 years old , their 4 children and their children’s many children. Each child has no less than 5 children and to add all of them are without fathers, as they have refused to take up their responsibilities. It is sad to say that these sisters have not obtained an education higher than a secondary level, and so they are virtually unemployed with the exception of one sister who is a domestic helper. They are also living without electricity and running water. We were asked to assess the population in relation to development. How exactly development is possible when surrounded  in situation such as these? In most cases such as these, the children like the ones in my community will end up leaving school and history will repeat itself, other situations such as deviant behavior and teenage pregnancy will also spiral out of control leading to an ineffective society full of stagnant individuals, who will just eventually weigh the economic system down , increase in tax to support welfare systems, a low GDP rate, increase in criminal activities and even untimely deaths. The health care of these less fortunate are also at stake. As individuals how can we stop the ongoing misery of an overpopulated society, crime and deviance, health care deficiencies, brain drain , hunger and the rhetorical cycle of unemployment? Well there are several organization which seeks to relief the poor such as UNICEF and Food for the poor , who are always present when natural disasters( hurricanes , earthquakes, volcanoes) wreaks havoc in countries , orphanages and in the case of dire needs and physically challenged. In Jamaica there is also the PATH program which was instituted to help children who are going to school, students on this program receive a monthly stipend, health care and lunch at school, a big help to most. Also , if they excel academically , they are awarded scholarships to continue their territory education . Now back to Malthus, who has his solution which takes the form of moral restraint. The usage of using birth control methods ( contraceptives/ condoms) or just simply abstaining from sexual activity until one is ready emotionally and economically , getting married older, spacing children and having less children. These methods when combined will curve the growing population and create more productive individuals, the poor would be able to take advantage of the help they are receiving and they will then be able to get an effective job which will help them to become less dependent on the society to take care of them, thus poor people would be better off because in essence they wouldn’t be poor again.

The Holocaust was a Significant event during World War II essays

The Holocaust was a Significant event during World War II essays The Holocaust was a significant event during World War II. It was perhaps the worst atrocity against humankind throughout history. The Holocaust was the systematic extermination of 6 million Jews by the Nazis. As well as Jews, hundreds of thousands of Gypsies, and at lest two hundred and fifty thousand mentally or physically disabled persons were also victims. Hitlers motivations for the holocaust were entirely racial. Hitler tried to implement his concept of racial superiority for Aryans, by trying to kill off the Jews. The persecution of the Jews began before World War II had started. When the Nazi regime came to power one of their first acts was to define the term Jew. Anyone with three or four Jewish grandparents was automatically a Jew, regardless of whether that individual was a member of the Jewish community. Half-Jews were considered Jewish only if they themselves belonged to the Jewish religion or were married to a Jewish person. All other half-Jews, and persons who had one Jewish grandparent, were styled Mischlinge or half-breeds. The Nazis then attempted to eliminate Jews from economic life by wiping them out of business. This process was called Aryanization. The Nazis then went on to kill two out of every three European Jews by 1945. Of the approximately 6 million Jews murdered in the Holocaust about 3 million were killed in concentration camps, about 1.4 million killed in shooting operations, and more than 600 000 in ghettos. Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau, Chelmno, Sobibor, Belzek and Majdanek are just some of the concentration camps. The camps were usually filled with women, children, or older men, who could not work; Jews capable of labor were retained in shops or plants, but they too were eventually killed. Initially these camps were designed to incarcerate political prisoners, enemies of the regime, criminals and security risks. But in 1939 the T4- Euthan ...

dazzy essays

dazzy essays Proposed topic: How the World is changing due to the effects caused by Global Warming The reason for this topic is our increasingly changing climate. Every year our climate continually is changing and becoming warmer. However it's becoming more and more difficult to change our polluting ways. Though this documentary I'd like to get the publics attention about our ever-changing climate. For this topic I would like to have a god like sounding narrative voice. A demanding voice, with both compassion, and intelligence. This voice is necessary to get the point across. The thesis for this documentry is "how can we prevent the destruction of our climate." This thesis is necessary because the side this documentry well be taking is to focus on how we can change or stop the damage which has been done to our environment. More so with this thesis there is many branches that lead to informative and substantial evidence to support this thesis. Seemingly this thesis also gives room for the solutions to this problem. Through this thesis I hope to narrow my topic and also allow enough room for a insightful and interesting documentary. The target audience for this documentary is anyone with the concern for the environment. However it really effects everyone on this planet. Theoretically this documentary is directed at everyone. Research on this subject is very extensive and information on it is easy to find. For instance just look at the winter that has just passed for evidence. Several questions to be answered from this documentary would be; 1. What changes are to be expected in the future? 2. What consequences of these changes can we expect? I'd use an upbeat, original, and futuristic style. By incorporating wide angle ...

4 Examples of Recommendation Letters You DONT Want From Counselors

4 Examples of Recommendation Letters You DON'T Want From Counselors SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Since school counselors support students through all four years of high school, they can write some of the best, most personal letters of recommendations. At the same time, they have the added challenge of writing lots, often hundreds, of letters for all the college-bound students on their caseload. While almost all counselor references will comment positively on a student, there can still be bad ones that don't offer a whole lot to a student's college application. Let's look at examples that demonstrate the four most common reasons a recommendation letter is bad: it's impersonal and generic, it's repetitive, it gives no specific examples, or it expresses serious reservations about a student. Bad Recommendation #1: The Generic Letter A generic recommendation letter is probably the most common problem for counselors with large caseloads of students. The following example illustrates animpersonal recommendation letter. Dear Admissions Committee, I'm writing to recommend June for admission to your undergraduate program. I've been her school counselor for the past four years. She is a strong honors student and always does well in her classes. I've heard nothing but good things about June from her teachers. June is a responsible and involved student. She's active in a number of clubs at the school and has contributed positively to our school community. June challenges herself in her classes and gets along well with her peers. She's a motivated, reliable, and driven student who applies herself to all her endeavors. June has earned a 3.71 GPA. Her dedication to her academics has impressed all of us at the high school, and I'm confident that she will continue to demonstrate the same commitment at college. June balances her time well among her many responsibilities and is curious about a diverse range of subjects. I look forward to seeing her continue to explore her interests and delve deeply into her passions. In closing, I highly recommend June for admission to your college. She's intelligent, active, and curious. For any further information, please contact me atgeneralinfo@gmail.com. Sincerely, Ms. Smith So what exactly makes this letter come off asgeneric, and why is that so bad for a rec letter? The Break Down This letter doesn't really say anything unique about June. In fact, if you just plugged in a different name, checked your pronouns, and adjusted the GPA, it could be a generic letter aboutany number of students. Admissions officers can tell pretty easily if a rec letter seems like a form letter with only the student's name and a few personalizing details plugged in. While a letter like this technically fulfills the recommendation requirement, it doesn't fulfill its role in the application, which is toreveal something insightful and personalabout the student and differentiate her from other applicants. This letter uses boring, tired language and doesn't go beyond cliches. June is "responsible, involved, and active," but so might be all the other competing applicants.What makes her unique?What specific examples can her counselor give to impart a meaningful assessment of June's academic and personal strengths? Finally, this letter does little to hone in on specific interests of June's. While it's not uncommon for students to go into college undecided, it's still important to talk about their particularinterests and goals.June is "curious about a diverse range of subjects," but what moves her? What has she exceled in or pursued? What does she enjoy doing? Since this letter lacks impactful language, specific examples, and insightful personal details, itstays on the surfaceand reads like a generic form letter. This kind of letter won't stand out to admissions officers, and it doesn't suggest that June and her counselor had a familiar relationship. Admissions officers may not pay much attention to this letter, which is a serious drawback compared to another student's application with a glowing counselor rec. Another type of bad recommendation letter that comes off as impersonal is one that predominantlyreports facts and figures.While it may use more positive language, like in the following example, it still comes off as distant and unsupported by anything beyond the student's resume. Bad Recommendation #2:The Resume-Repeating Letter This next example may be complimentary, but notice how it mostly justturns the bulletpoints on the student's resume into full sentences.This type of letter could be written by anyone with a copy of Ben's academic and extracurricular record. Dear Admissions Committee, It's my pleasure to recommend Ben for admission to your undergraduate program. I've gotten to know Ben over the past four years as his school counselor. Having earned a 3.8 GPA, he has risen to the top 20% of his class. His excellence in academics and involvement in a number of clubs and sports has made him an asset to our school community. As a member of the National Honors Society, Ben has achieved strong grades throughout high school in a range of classes, including AP classes in World History, Chemistry, and French. As part of his community service, Ben helps other students improve their grades and study skills with one on one tutoring after school in the library. While Ben's a strong, hard-working student, he also achieves outside of the classroom. Ben has played on the soccer team since freshman year, earning the title of Most Valuable Player in th grade. While practice and games keep him busy, he is also active in French Club. A self-described francophile, Ben has won the French language award two years in a row and practiced his language skills on the class trip to France in 2013. After returning from the trip, he presented photographs at a show at the local library and won 2nd place for Best Landscape. All this while working part-time as a cashier at a local bookstore sophomore and junior year. Ben impresses everyone he knows with his accomplishments. I'm confident that he will continue to excel in college. He has my strong recommendation. For any further information, please feel free to contact me atjustthefacts@gmail.com. Sincerely, Mr. Sencillo Overall, I would say this letter leaves a better impression than the first one. At least it can't be applied to almost any other student. But it still falls short on a number of fronts. Let's break down exactly how this letter misses the mark. The Break Down This letter leaves a better impression than the initial generic one, but it doesn't go beyond what Bendoesto reveal who Benis.Admissions officers want to get a deeper glimpse into thecharacterof each applicant. They already know what a student does based on his application. They're hoping the recommendation will illuminate why he's made the choices that he has. A recommender could shed light on this by discussing a student'svalues, motivations, goals, and strengths. In this letter, Ben seems to have a special affinity for French culture and language. He also enjoys photography. Tomake the letter more personal,the counselor could talk about how Ben became a "francophile" and what this may mean for his future study and profession. Does he consider himself an artist? Does he love landscape photography as a way to express his admiration of the great outdoors? Ben sounds like an interesting, dynamic individual, but this letterleaves the reader wanting more.It should fill in the blanks and give a more holistic vision of Ben as a student and person. Someone reading this letter should have a much clearer sense of who Ben is, even without meeting him in person. One easy way to see that a letter probably has too much data and not enough real, deep assessment is by looking for numbers. Ben's relatively short letter includes a lot of numbers: 3.8 GPA, top 20%, th grade, 2013, 2nd place, for instance. These come off as data points. While they're accurate, theyconvey technical informationrather than meaningful examples of Ben's character. To truly communicate a holistic assessment of an applicant, a letter shouldgo beyond the facts.This next example actually has the opposite problem. It describes the candidate with glowing adjectives, but offers little to no evidence to back up its complimentary assessment. This writer seems to want admissions officers to just take her word for it. We're going to need to see some examples of your work. Bad Recommendation #3:The "Just Take My Word for It" Letter This letter uses more specific, powerful language than the first two to endorse the student. However, itgives few examplesto illustrate its points. Just as students need to dig below the surface in their personal essays, recommenders should give meaningful examples in their letters. This letter merely describes, when it also needs to demonstrate. Dear Admissions Committee, It is my pleasure to recommend Gina for admission to your college. As her school counselor for the past four years, I've watched Gina grow into a mature, compassionate, and dynamic young woman. I'm happy to give her my highest recommendation for this exciting next chapter in her life. Gina is an intelligent and hard-working student who has impressed her teachers with her curiosity and dedication. She's especially interested in literature and poetry and contributes her writing to the school literary magazine. Gina is interested in majoring in English next year and continuing to hone her craft. In addition to being a motivated student, Gina gets along well with others and is a caring friend. She has a kind nature and genuinely cares for those around her. She never has a bad word to say about anyone and is the first to lend a helping hand in a tough situation. Gina's open-minded, amiable personality makes her an asset to classroom discussions. She works and gets along well with others and has impressive interpersonal and social skills. In closing, Gina is a caring, motivated student and friend, and she has my highest recommendation. I'm confident that she will be a great success in her college community. Please feel free to contact me with any questions. Sincerely, Ms. Honey Ms. Honey seems to think very highly of Gina. Unfortunately, her letter might not go too far in boosting Gina's chances of admission. Let's go over why it's not so effective. The Break Down This letter represents the flip side of the "resume-repeating letter" in that it'sall assessment and few facts or examples.The writer calls Gina caring, compassionate, mature, curious, and open-minded, but she gives few examples to support her characterization. The only concrete piece of information that the writer gives is that Gina likes literature and writes for the school literary magazine. The writer should provide specific stories about Gina thatillustrateher compassion, maturity, or curiosity. When was she "the first to lend a helping hand"? What does she write about for the magazine? How has she shown her counselor her impressive interpersonal skills? This letter would be a lot more memorable, not to mention believable, if it described circumstances or observations in which Ginademonstrated these personal qualities.Without them, it loses impact and meaning and pales in comparison to more specific, supported recommendation letters. Finally, this last example suggests that the counselor had a lot of reservations about recommending her student. While recommenders should present a balanced assessment, focusing on the reservations without presenting sufficient strengths wouldn't be helpful for a student's application. Bad Recommendation #4:Recommended, with Reservations Admissions officers have a lot of experience reading hundreds or thousands of recommendation letters. They can read between the lines and pick up on subtleties. If a counselor usesa lot of loaded phrases that express hesitationabout a student, without balancing them out with a student's strengths, then the letter could come off as negative overall, like in the following example: Dear Admissions Committee, I am writing to recommend Charlie for admission to your college. As his school counselor for the past four years, I've watched Charlie come a long way after a rocky freshman year. I'm confident in his potential to apply himself at college and to continue to grow as a student. Charlie is motivated to continue his education next year. He's especially interested in the sciences and is considering majoring in Biology. His th grade biology teacher noted Charlie's effort and improvement over the year. Charlie is drawn to cellular biology and has expressed interest in working in a research lab. Charlie played drums in the school band in junior year. He enjoyed performing at school concerts. This year he's recommitted himself to focusing on his academics and sharpening his study skills to prepare for the demands of college. I'm impressed with Charlie's hard work and am confident that he will continue to grow and mature in the years to come. I recommend Charlie for admission to your program. He's a hard-working student with a tremendous amount of potential. Please be in touch with any questions. Sincerely, Ms. Collins It's not necessarily a bad thing to speak to a student's potential and room to grow in a recommendation letter, but where does this example fall short? The Break Down This letter focuses almost entirely on Charlie's growth in the future, without saying very much about what he's done so far. It does suggest growth and progress on his part, but theoverall emphasisis on how much further Charlie still has to improve. Ms. Collins talks about his potential so many times without presenting much that's positive about hiscurrent strengths.Even if he has struggled academically, she could talk about his personal qualities, character, relationships with others, or involvement at the school. Because she seems like she's grasping for things to say about Charlie, this letter barely fulfills its role as arecommendation. Instead, it comes off more like a word of caution. These four examples illustrate the most common reasons why a counselor letter of recommendation could miss the mark. Besides being generic, data driven, unspecific, or full of reservations, what other features can weaken letters of recommendation for college? What Else Makes a Recommendation Letter Bad? Some other features that would drag down a recommendation letter include, It's too short.Letters should be a full page. Any shorter than this wouldn't convey enough information, and it would suggest that the recommender wasn't motivated to put much time or thought into it. It's not proofread.Errors of grammar or spelling give that same impression of carelessness and lack of investment in helping the student. It's not customized to the college or program.Actually, a lot of teachers and counselors upload the same letter to the Common Application for students to send to all their colleges. However, if a student is set on a particular program or an especially selective college, like Harvard, then the recommendation letter could be strengthened by speaking specifically to the student's fit with that program or school. Some of these issues are easy to avoid. Proofread your letters to make sure there are no grammatical errors or inaccuracies. Brainstorm before writing to make sure you have enough material to provide a full portrait of the student. Rather than listing every accomplishment a student has ever made, a stronger letterhighlights a few key interests and goalsof the student's. That way it's focused and specific. Students should share detailed "brag sheets" and talk to their counselors to make sure their counselors have all the information. They shouldshare what would go into their ideal letter, like if they want their counselor to highlight their passion for community service, poetry, or engineering. As long as both counselors and students take the time toplan,reflect, and communicate, then bad letters like the ones above can be avoided. Instead, students will get memorable, outstanding, and insightful letters of recommendation for their college applications. What's Next? Are you working with students as a school counselor or college counselor?This in depth guide goes over the steps counselors should take to produce a high quality, outstanding letter of recommendation. Do teacher recs differ from counselor recs at all?Read about what teachers should include in their reference letters for their students. Now that you've read all these examples of bad letters, take time toread the good ones.Here are examples of strong recommendation letters written by counselors and teachers (coming soon). Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Should organisations always try to hire employees with high levels of Essay

Should organisations always try to hire employees with high levels of Agreeableness - Essay Example In a real work environment, employees have unique character traits that in one way of the other influence teamwork, cooperation, innovation and problem solving abilities that affect their adaptation to the work environment. Management of organizational behaviour has identified five giant characters that including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism (OCEAN), all which contribute to the development of the organization. However, they have recognized that all these characters have their dark and light side to the organization. Agreeableness, just like any other organizational behaviour, has its positive and negative sides to the firm. All in all, organizations should strive to obtain employees with the highest level of agreeableness. Agreeableness is a trait that has generated mixed reactions among many organizational behaviour analysts with some expressing a high regard for it and other pin pointing the weaknesses of this trait. Slocum and Hellriegel l defined agreeableness as the virtue of an employee to be warm, tactful, cooperative, tolerable and humble and portraying minimal coldness and rudeness1. In the general, these traits are advantageous to an organization although at times they are accompanied by elements that may be consequential to organizations. 1D., Hellriegel, and W. Slocum, Organizational Behaviour. Mason, OH, South-Western Cengage Learning. 2009. P. 45 The advocates of this trait argue that agreeableness is the source of harmony, peace, excellent team work, accommodating leadership and loyalty in a business system. On the other hand, critics have criticized this trait on the ground that employees with these traits show weakness in exercising confidence, criticizing wrong organization behaviour and conflict resolution in times that demand critical decision making. Teamwork is one of the valuable elements of an organization that binds employees to the collective goals and objectives of an organization that define its end task. Team work ensures that employees remain cohesive and cooperative during the project implementation process to execute all the designated roles. An agreeable person is friendly, sociable and warm while associating with their colleagues in the organization2. Consequently, an agreeable person will find it easy to get along with the other employees and will form part of a concrete team that will ensure a smooth progress of the business operations, hence the success of the organization. For instance, an agreeable person will avoid conflicts that arise during the period of work preferring peaceful situations rather than aggravating the conflicting. Conflicts are sources of tensions in the workplace, which slows the progress of the work and misaligns the employees from the organizational goals. From this point of view, the ability of management to select agreeable employees will form part of the role of team building. In leadership, agreeable people create a conducive work e nvironment that motivates employees to remain active and focussed in their duties in the organization. Competent leaders have a role to maintain a peaceful working environment by engaging employees in a constructive exchange of ideas. 2A., Neal, G., Yeo, A. Koy, T. and Xiao. Predicting the Form and Direction of Work Role Performance from the Big 5 Model of Personality Traits. Journal or Organizational Behaviour, vol. 33 , 2012. Pp. 175-192 Agreeable persons will encourage employees to contribute and raise their concerns more

Culture awarness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture awarness - Essay Example The course was designed according to what the students wanted and needed. The students wanted to learn about the cultures of certain countries and specifically, the way business is conducted in these countries (Vollmer, Alnuaimi and Macku 3). A flaw in our needs assessment design was our failure to determine the student’s level of awareness. We failed to ask questions concerning much they already knew about the cultures of the different countries. In hindsight, we forgone general awareness questions because we gave the students the choice of which countries they would like to learn about. Doing this made it difficult to assess any prior knowledge of the countries the students may have had. Another flaw within our course was we realized in hindsight more emphasis could have been given to the industries that have the greatest potential in the country. We now realize we could have been more industry specific within our presentation since most of the students communicated their concerns about jobs and business. Information about how to perform during business meetings within the different countries was included in the course because the survey results indicated the students agreed upon the importance of learning about different cultures in light of the recent globalization of the business world. Dining etiquette and dress codes were also included within the course because of unanimous agreement within our group that both topics are extremely significant to a country’s culture and therefore should be included within cultural awareness training. Based on research evidence, students realize the need for cultural awareness especially with the trend of business moving towards globalization. Students agreed that they will need the necessary skills to be able to prepare for expatriatism. Two-thirds of the students, deem it important to be aware of the different cultures of the world because they will need that knowledge and skill base for their future jobs. The

I don't have a topic but want something in the line of Essay

I don't have a topic but want something in the line of IT,telecommunication or netorking - Essay Example takes place regularly and firms that are able to keep pace, have experienced enhanced performance, reduced costs, shorter lead times and better service delivery. It also revealed that along with technology, people have to be trained to use the technology. Integration of technology has to be aligned with the business objectives and information flow is paramount to the success of IT implementation. Uncertainties and risk cannot be avoided in technology but can be minimized with the right application and training of personnel. This study would have managerial impact on the use of IT in supply chain management. The study has limitations as some technology could have been overlooked. This study has added to the existing knowledge because under one umbrella the latest technology and its impact have been reviewed across different industries which employ supply chain management for their operations. Information Technology (IT) is changing the world; it has become infused in life and it brings many challenges with it. Every aspect of management today requires information on which to build the organization. Nothing moves without information but mere information is not power. Information is no doubt the most vital asset that an organization possesses but the sheer volume of information that flows in an organization makes it essential for the managers to understand its importance. Strategic decisions are taken on the information and information changes by the minute. The right dissemination and application of information is power. The conversion of data from internal and external sources into information requires the use of information technology. It helps in enhancing the decision making process, enhances the operations, helps in overall growth of the company. It includes hardware, software, people, communication system, and the data itself. Information Technology can be used in a ny type of company be it manufacturing, retailing, or the service industry. While IT can be

Investigate the hybrids of the bisection and the secant methods Research Paper

Investigate the hybrids of the bisection and the secant methods - Research Paper Example The rate of convergence which records the number of iterations needed to attain a particular degree of accuracy, is not the key subject when assessing the computational effectiveness of the algorithm. The quantity of floating point operations (flops), for each iteration should also be considered. In case the iteration needs many flops, although an algorithm has a greater rate of convergence it might take more time to reach a required degree of precision. This method is therefore faster than Newton’s method and has an advantage since it only needs a single function evaluation for every iteration. This then serves as a compensation for the slower rate of convergence when the function and its derivative cost higher to evaluate. Another disadvantage of this method is that, similar to newton’s method, it lacks robustness, particularlty when the primary guesses are further from root. In addition, the method does not need differentiation. The bisection method is the modest and most robust algorithm for root-finding in a 1-dimensional continous function that has a closed interval. The basic principle of this technique is that if f(.) is a continous function expressed over an interval {a,b} and f(a) and f(b) with opposite signs, according to the theorem of intermediate value, at least a single r{a,b} exists making f(r) = 0. This technique is iterative and every iteration begins by breaching the existing interval forming brackets around the root(s) into two subintervals of matching lengths. The endpoint of one the subintervals must have different signs. This subinterval is now the new interval and the subsequent iteration starts. Therefore it is possible to define lesser and lesser intervals such that every interval has r by checking subintervals of the present interval and selecting the interval where f(.) changes signs. This is a continous process that ends when the width of the interval having a root

Digital Divide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Digital Divide - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that digital divide is the gap between individuals that already have access to Internet (information and communication technology) as well as have the skills and knowledge of making use of the technologies - and those that have neither access nor skills of using those same technologies within a society, community or a geographic area. With the Internet quickly becoming a fundamental medium of information processing and communication, permeating every domain of the society and economy, there is need to develop policies that bridge the gap. Most of the research shows that the issue of the digital divide is more than just access issue, and it cannot be palliated merely by providing the essential equipment. There are three factors that are playing; these are information accessibility, utilization, and receptiveness. More than access to the Internet, people need to have knowledge of how to make use of information and communication technologies once they are made available within a society. In bringing the gap, information professionals can provide reference and information services that assist people in learning and utilizing the technologies that they have access to, regardless of the economic status of those people seeking assistance. There is a need for the education sector to focus on providing a learning environment, which promotes experimentation and exploration of ICT. This is because it is clear that individuals may have access to the Internet but lack the skills required for accessing it. For an instant, in a class of Digital Divide, students may learn a lot about the issues of access to Internet and equity but still may fail to grasp what is possibly the most important aspect: an imperative of becoming involved.

Investigate the hybrids of the bisection and the secant methods Research Paper

Investigate the hybrids of the bisection and the secant methods - Research Paper Example The rate of convergence which records the number of iterations needed to attain a particular degree of accuracy, is not the key subject when assessing the computational effectiveness of the algorithm. The quantity of floating point operations (flops), for each iteration should also be considered. In case the iteration needs many flops, although an algorithm has a greater rate of convergence it might take more time to reach a required degree of precision. This method is therefore faster than Newton’s method and has an advantage since it only needs a single function evaluation for every iteration. This then serves as a compensation for the slower rate of convergence when the function and its derivative cost higher to evaluate. Another disadvantage of this method is that, similar to newton’s method, it lacks robustness, particularlty when the primary guesses are further from root. In addition, the method does not need differentiation. The bisection method is the modest and most robust algorithm for root-finding in a 1-dimensional continous function that has a closed interval. The basic principle of this technique is that if f(.) is a continous function expressed over an interval {a,b} and f(a) and f(b) with opposite signs, according to the theorem of intermediate value, at least a single r{a,b} exists making f(r) = 0. This technique is iterative and every iteration begins by breaching the existing interval forming brackets around the root(s) into two subintervals of matching lengths. The endpoint of one the subintervals must have different signs. This subinterval is now the new interval and the subsequent iteration starts. Therefore it is possible to define lesser and lesser intervals such that every interval has r by checking subintervals of the present interval and selecting the interval where f(.) changes signs. This is a continous process that ends when the width of the interval having a root

Revised Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revised - Annotated Bibliography Example This article talks about mechanisms of employing the Internet as a tool in addressing critical issues affecting SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The article mentions issues such as rapidly changing market environment, increased consumer demand for quality, increased global competition, increased partnerships between small and large/intermediate businesses, and growing need for instant access to business information from multiple sources. This article primarily assesses the current level of Internet usage as a tool of business by SMEs forming the basis for earlier studies. This article addresses the usable and accessible websites in SMEs despite the advancing competitive environment where a prominent place has been occupied by the internet. The article talks about transferring a brand to the online environment from an offline environment as an issue to companies. The article also talks about how to ensure websites are accessible and usable in order to enhance web navigation and enable brand communication as well as improve the image of the company. This article presents the findings of a study that measured the degree to which medium and small enterprises employ accessibility and usability as a pillar that supports brand to communicate with other audience online. This article addresses the factors that affect internet based sales adoption by SMEs. The article asserts that the internet doubles every year and spans the globe in which the exchange of digital data is carried out. The article also talks about the coverage which is relatively understood concerning the effect of the internet in the popular press. This article also reports investigation of an exploratory study examining crucial concerns around internet usage in emerging SMEs. It describes how SMEs develop and use internet, explores factors motivating companies to invest in e-commerce, and assesses the significance of the benefits of electronic commerce. The

LV & UV GCSE French Oral Examination Essay Example for Free

LV UV GCSE French Oral Examination Essay There are four broad areas of questions for the general conversation section of the oral examination. These are listed below: 1. Lifestyle 2. Leisure 3. Home and environment 4. Work and education Amusez-vous bien et bon courage! Lifestyle Health 1. Qu’est-ce que tu aimes manger et boire? (State what you like to eat drink why, mention things you don’t like to eat drink why, what did you eat drink yesterday, what is your favourite food/drink why, is it healthy. ) 2. Qu’est-ce que tu fais pour rester en forme? (Mention things you do to stay fit – what you eat drink how regularly, what sport/exercise you do, what you could do more of.) 3. Qu’est-ce qui n’est pas trà ¨s bon pour la santà ©? (Mention things which are not so healthy – e.g. smoking, alcohol, drugs, no exercise, do you do any of these things, how often, how could you be healthier.) 4. Qui fait la cuisine chez toi? Tu aimes bien cuisiner ? Tu le fais souvent? (State who normally does the cooking in your house, is the food good/healthy, how often do you cook, what can you cook, what did you make the last time you cooked, how was it?) Relationships and Choices 1. Quel à ¢ge as-tu? Quelle est la date de ton anniversaire? (State age, when your birthday is, how you celebrated your last birthday, what presents you received, what you would like to do for your next birthday.) 2. Quel genre de personne es-tu? (Describe what you look like, what your personality is like, what you like and don’t like doing and why.) 3. Dis-moi quelque chose au sujet de ta famille. (Talk about your brothers, sisters, parents – physical appearance, personality, what you like and don’t like doing with them and why, how well you get on with them all and why, what you did last weekend with them.) 4. Est-ce que tu as des animaux domestiques? (Discuss what your pet is, its name, age, how well you get on with it, whether you would like another or a new pet, who looks after/feeds the pet. If you don’t have any pet, say why and whether you would like a pet and why) 5. Dà ©cris ta meilleure amie. (Describe your best friend – physical appearance, personality, why she is your best friend, how long you have known her, what you did with her last week, how it was, what you plan to do with her next week.) 6. Dà ©cris l’homme de tes rà ªves ! (Describe what your dream partner would be like – physical appearance, personality, why he would be your dream partner, what is important for you in a dream partner and why.) 7. Est-ce que tu voudrais te marier et avoir des enfants à   l’avenir? (State whether you would like to get married and have children in the future and why or why not. Why is marriage important to you, what type of mother and wife would you like to be.) 8. Tu touches combien d’argent de poche? (State how much pocket money you get, from whom and how often, is this enough – why or why not, what you normally spend your pocket money on, what you bought last week, how much you save, what you are saving for, whether you would prefer to have a part-time job or simply receive pocket money, and why.) 9. Tes parents sont-ils sà ©và ¨res? Pourquoi (pas)? (A continuation of discussing how you get on with your parents – state what you have to do at home, what you are allowed and not allowed to do, whether you think this is fair or not, how would you like to improve your relationship with your parents.) Leisure Free time and the Media 1. Qu’est-ce que tu aimes faire pendant ton temps libre? (Mention three things you like doing in your spare time – e.g. shopping, music, sport, cinema etc, state how often you do this and with whom, say why you like these activities, say what you like to do in good/bad weather, in summer/winter.) 2. Qu’est-ce que tu n’aimes pas faire pendant ton temps libre? (State three things you don’t like doing in your spare time and why, mention something you did last week which you did not enjoy and why.) 3. Est-ce que tu aimerais essayer un nouveau passe-temps ? Pourquoi ? (Mention a new hobby you would like to try out and why, mention also one you wouldn’t want to try out and why.) 4. Tu regardes souvent la tà ©là ©? Quelle est ton à ©mission prà ©fà ©rà ©e ? (State how often you watch TV – in the week and at the weekend, with whom you watch TV, what you saw on TV yesterday, what your favourite programme is, why, describe what type of programme it is and what usually happens, state what you don’t like on TV and why.) 5. Tu vas souvent au cinà ©ma? Parle-moi du dernier film que tu as vu. (State how often and with whom you go to the cinema, what are your favourite types of film and why, describe a film which you went to see recently, what happened, who the actors were, why you liked or disliked it, to whom you would recommend this film.) 6. Aimes-tu lire? Quel type de livres aimes-tu lire? Quel est ton livre prà ©fà ©rà ©? Pourquoi ? (State how often you like to read and which types of book, talk about your favourite book – title, author, what happens, why you like it, what you would like to read in the future and why.) 7. Qu’est-ce que tu as fait le weekend dernier pendant ton temps libre? (Talk about two activities you did last weekend – what, where, with whom, how much it cost, what the weather was like, whether you enjoyed it or not.) 8. Qu’est-ce que tu vas faire le weekend prochain? (Talk about a couple of things you will do next weekend – what, with whom, where, whether you’re looking forward to it why.) 9. Comment sont les magasins prà ¨s de chez toi? (Describe what the shopping options in your area are like, how far do you live from the shops, how you travel there, favourite types of shops and why, what you bought the last time you went shopping, is it better to travel to London for shopping, why.) 10. Tu touches combien d’argent de poche? (State how much pocket money you get, from whom and how often, is this enough – why or why not, what you normally spend your pocket money on, what you bought last week, how much you save, what you are saving for, whether you would prefer to have a part-time job or simply receive pocket money, and why.) 11. Est-ce que tu utilises beaucoup internet ? (Talk about how often you use the internet and what for, e.g. for homework, to write to friends and family, to listen to music and watch programmes) 12. Est-ce que tu as un tà ©là ©phone portable ? (Explain if you have a mobile phone and how often you use it. You could also talk about whether you pay for the bill or whether your parents do. Is it fair ?) 13. Est-ce que les nouvelles technologies peuvent à ªtre dangereuses ? (Talk about the possible dangers of the new techonologies, particularly the internet, but also of their benefits, e.g. the advantages of having a mobile phone) Holidays 1. Qu’est-ce que tu as fait pendant les dernià ¨res grandes vacances? (State where and with whom you went, how you travelled, where you stayed, what the accommodation was like, what you did during the day, what you ate and drank, whether you liked it, what the weather was like, mention one thing you didn’t like and why, what the people were like, whether you want to return next year.) 2. Que fais-tu normalement pendant les vacances de Noà «l? (State what you normally do in the Christmas holidays, where you go, or whether you stay at home, whom you visit, what you do, what you eat and drink, which presents you received last year, what the weather is normally like, what you would like to do in the next winter holidays.) 3. Oà ¹ iras-tu pendant les prochaines vacances? (State where you will go and why, with whom, where you will stay, what you will eat and drink, what the weather will be like, what you hope to do in the day and in the evening, how long you will stay, whether you are looking forward to it.) 4. Es-tu dà ©jà   allà ©e en France? (State whether you have been to France – e.g. Vallà ©e de la Loire, say if you liked it and why, say where you went, what you did, what the weather was like, what the food and drink were like, whether you would like to return, what the people were like, say what the main differences between France and England are for you.) 5. Que peuvent faire les touristes dans ta rà ©gion? (State whether your area is good for tourists or not, list three things tourists can do, what the transport is like, what the accommodation is like, what the weather is like in the summer, what one can do in the evening, whether there are any good restaurants in the area, which sights you’ve visited in the area, whether you would recommend the area to tourists.) 6. Est-ce que tu prà ©fà ¨res partir en vacances en famille ou avec des amis? Pourquoi ? (Explain why you prefer going on holiday with your parents or friends. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both options. Explain whether there are any drawbacks when going on holiday with friends. Talk about a previous experience.) Home and Environment Home and Local Area 1. Oà ¹ habites-tu? Oà ¹ se trouve cette ville/ce village? (State where you live and where it is situated, say what type of town/village it is, say why you like or dislike living there, say what is nearby, what is good for tourists, what the weather is like in summer and winter.) 2. Dà ©cris-moi ta maison. (Describe what type of house you live in and where in the town/village it is situated, how long you have lived there, list some of the rooms upstairs downstairs, say if you have a favourite room and why, describe the furniture in your bedroom and whether you like it, describe the garden and what you like to do there. Say where you used to live when you were younger and which one you prefer) 3. Oà ¹ aimerais-tu habiter plus tard? Pourquoi ? (State where you would most like to live and why, what there is to do there, what the weather is like, whether you prefer living in a town or in the country and why, what is there to do there at night, say why you would or wouldn’t want to live abroad.) 4. Tu vas souvent dans le centre de Londres? (Say how far you live from London, how often you go there, what there is to do there, how you travel there, what you did the last time you went to London, say one thing you dislike about London and why.) 5. Qu’est-ce que tu fais d’habitude pour Noà «l/Pà ¢ques à   la maison? (State what you normally do at Easter/Christmas at home, who visits, what you eat drink, what you did last Easter/Christmas, presents, what would you like to do at Easter/Christmas next year?) Environment 1. Quels sont les problà ¨mes d’environnement dans ta rà ©gion et dans le monde? (List some of the environmental problems in your area and state why the environment is important to you, mention some of the environmental improvements in your area and around the world.) 2. Que peut-on faire pour protà ©ger l’environnement? Que faites-vous dans ta famille pour protà ©ger l’environnement ? (Mention several ways in which one can help the environment, state what you personally and your family do to help the environment, mention one thing you did last week to help, suggest a way in which your area could be more environmentally-friendly. Explain what would happen if we didn’t do something soon.) Work and Education School and Future Plans 1. Parle-moi de ton à ©cole. (Describe your school in every aspect – name, location, number of pupils, staff, private girls’ school, times of the school day, activities at lunchtime, what the school food is like, sports’ facilities, what you like dislike about your school.) 2. Qu’est-ce que tu à ©tudies comme matià ¨res? (Mention some of the subjects you’re learning, say why you like dislike some, say if you have a favourite lesson why, are there other subjects you would like to learn?) 3. Parle-moi de ton uniforme scolaire. (State what your school uniform is, do you like it, would you prefer to have no school uniform, is uniform sometimes good?) 4. Qu’est-ce que tu as l’intention d’à ©tudier l’annà ©e prochaine pour le bac? (State which subjects you would like to learn next year and why, will you stay at this school or move somewhere else, state which subjects you would not like to learn next year why.) 5. Est-ce que tu trouves l’à ©cole stressante? (Talk about what makes life at school stressful. You could mention the amount of homework that you receive everyday, the number of tests that you have and how difficult the exams are. You could talk about how easy life used to be like in primary school) 6. Comment pourrait-on amà ©liorer ton à ©cole? (Make a couple of suggestions as to how your school could be improved – e.g. having boys, no school uniform, better food/facilities etc.) 7. Est-ce que tu veux faire des à ©tudes à   l’università ©? (State whether you would like to go to university, where, to study what, why, or why you don’t know yet.) Current and Future jobs 1. Est-ce que tu as un petit boulot? Est-ce que tu voudrais en avoir un? (State whether you have a part-time job, what you do, where you work, how much you earn, do you like it, why, what you spend you money on, or say whether you would like a part-time job, doing what, earning how much, how you go about looking for work) 2. Qu’est-ce que tu voudrais faire comme mà ©tier plus tard? Pourquoi? (State what you would like to do career-wise, type of job, how much money you would like to earn, would you like to live/work abroad, why this is a good choice for you, what is your dream job why.) 3. Quels sont les avantages et les inconvà ©nients des diffà ©rents metiers? (Talk about 2 or 3 different professions that you may find interesting and discuss their advantages and drawbacks)

Oxfam Marketing Analysis

Oxfam Marketing Analysis The charitable organisation chosen in this assignment is Oxfam international organisation. Oxfam standing for Oxford Committee for Famine Relief was founded in Britain in 1942 by a group who ran campaigns for food supplies to send for starving women and children in .. (Oxfam, 2012) In 1955, the Oxfam international charitable organisation was formed by a group of 17 independent non- government organisations in 94 countries with the aim to reduce the poverty and injustice. This assignment will discuss various activities of what Oxfam does and how this organisation raise money including fundraising campaign, the awareness programs, organizing inspirational events, etc. running shops which Oxfam has been doing to get money and implement 2 important objectives of the organisations including fighting poverty and fighting for right. Also, this assignment will explain various market and environmental factors which affect the organisation present and future direction. These factors include micro environment and macro environment. In an organization, marketing department is often considered as one of primely important departments to contribute to an organisations success. So, the roles and duties of marketing staffs cannot be denied to success of the department and the organization. This assignment will also discuss about the role play by the marketing staffs of The Oxfam international charitable organization. ANALYSIS The organisations activities Oxfams objectives is fighting poverty and for human rights, in more specific term, injustice in all over the world. The organization has worked world-wide to enable people to act for their rights and manage for their own lives. They believe that everyone has the right to access the essentials of life such as food, clean water, shelter, healthcare, sanitation, education, and livelihood to support themselves, their families and the society. Also, everyone has the right to live free from injustice such as gender injustice, oppression, human violence. So, how does Oxfam accomplish its aims ? The organization has been run many activities including running fundraising campaign, entertainment event, to get money from the donors as well as run many shops selling donated items from donors or products from companies. They will use all the money to support poor and needy people and victims of injustice, so that, these people can eliminate their difficulties and have better life. Firstly, Oxfam believes that poverty is not inevitable , however, it is a real challenge to overcome (Oxfam). To tackle this challenge, Oxfam has been focusing on 2 important areas which are economic justice and Essential services. With economic justice, Oxfam Charitable organization aim is that more men and women will realize their right to secure and durable livelihoods (OXFAM INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN 2007-2012). To achieve this aim, Oxfam charitable organization works together with many allies and partners in all over the world to accomplish 3 things which are making agriculture work, achieving fairer trade rules, and decreasing the impacts of climate change. They make more agriculture work for poor farmers and labors living in susceptible circumstances to reduce the economic differences among people. They also work to make sure farmers in poor countries have fair trade in world trade. By this activity, farmers in poor countries can access to the big fair trade zone such as EU agricultural markets. For example, Oxfam urges EU to allow Arab countries to fully access to EU agricultural markets while keeping a certain level of protection to their rural development needs (Euro-Med: Seeds of a raw deal?). Oxfam, in addition, supports vulnerable people, especially in agriculture, to adapt climate change. With essential services, the target of Oxfam is that people in poor condition, especially women and girls realize their rights to accessible and affordable essentials of life such as food , clean water, shelter, healthcare, sanitation, edu cation. This activity of Oxfam is focusing on demanding national governments to perform their responsibilities as well as their commitments in delivery of these essentials, supporting civil society organizations to push these governments to take their responsibilities in supplying these essentials, and making sure that rich countries and international associations will donate more funds as well as commit their promise on aid and debt reduction. Secondly, besides fighting poverty, Oxfam is also fighting injustice, especially gender injustice. Oxfam believes that Poverty often happen when peoples basic rights are violated. So that, fighting injustice is one of many ways to fight poverty (Oxfam, 2012). In more specific area, Oxfam fight gender injustice. The goal of Oxfam in this activity is to help more women attain power in their lives, live their lives without violence, and have the right to make decisions. This activity aims to change women attitudes, thinking and beliefs about relation of men and women in order to reduce the rate of violence to women as well as eliminate the gender differences in the work place . This activity supports women to engage more activities, access to leadership at all levels and have the rights to make decisions, so that, they can gain their power over and manage their own lives. Oxfam is known as one of the top charitable organizations in UK as well as around the world. Like other charitable organizations, Oxfam have to do fundraising to get money for activities that they are doing for people and it has to comply to UK legal principles and international laws and regulations for charitable organizations as well. There are many activities which Oxfam have been conducting to raise funds for the organization. There are 2 types of activities that the organization, specifically members of the organization, perform to raise money, and they are direct and indirect activities. First of all, indirect activities of a charitable organization would include activities such as †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Influences of Market and Environment Factors to the Organization. In the 21st century, Profit organizations and Non-for-profit or charitable organizations have to face many challenges. The rapid changes of the economy environment in national and international sphere require these organizations re-formulate and implement new strategies, objectives to meet new challenges. Together with formulate the strategies, objective, the organizations themselves need to make changes to enjoy the competitive advantage from other competitors. As a charitable organization, Oxfam has to face with some changes and challenges that they never faced in the past which are climate change and its consequences, famines and crises of the prices, global financial crises, limitation of energy, proliferation of weapons, urbanization, shortages of natural resources, etc (Oxfam, 2012) . http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/what/purpose-and-beliefs To adapt these changes, Oxfam has to figure out what market and environment factors and forces may influence on their strategies, objective and future direction. There forces can be classified into 2 types which are micro environment and macro environment (Jobber, 2001). The micro environment consisting of factors such as suppliers, customers, distributions and competitors may directly influence the organisations ability to manage to supply their products and services to their selected markets. The macro environment includes various broader forces which not only affect the organization itself but also all factors in the micro environment. These factors in macro environment consist 6 key groups under demographic environment, economic environment, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural environment ( Kotler, †¦). While the micro environment factors can be managed and controlled by the organisation, the macro environment factors are uncontrollable. (Kotler, ). There are 2 types of approaches which are undertaken by Oxfam to analysis the micro or internal environment and macro or external environment market environment. They are PEST analysis and SWOT analysis. PEST ANALYSIS ; SWOT ANALYSIS To analyse the macro environment, it is helpful to indentify all the factors which may affect the organisations demand level, supply level, and cost (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991). kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a tool which is very helpful for an organization to understand their position in the market, the stage of their business like growth or decline. Together with SWOT analysis, an organization can identify their strengths, weakness, potential opportunities or threads. So that, the organization can develop plan, strategy and direction for operation properly. The marketing of the charitable organization is quite different from marketing of any other profit organizations. While the profit organization can earn the profits by their business by hiring and paying their staffs to achieve the target, the charitable organization keeps their jobs going by getting the donations from donors and supports from volunteers. The Oxfam charitable organization run their all activities not for profit maximization, but more on collecting the money which they get and helps people who are in poverty and need help such as poor farmers, children, women, illiterate, etc. Like other profit and not-for-profit organization, Oxfam charitable organization is affected by market and environment forces. Firstly, economic factor may be the first factor which affects the Oxfams income in particular period obviously because the salary and income of common donors may be affected by the economic conditions such as inflation, high rate of unemployment. The changes of economic condition also affect the selling of products of many of Oxfams shops (Oxfam, 2004?) . Secondly, Oxfam charitable organization is affected by the legal-political environment which varies from country to country. As a international organization, Oxfam affiliates are all over the world. All their activities have to comply with each countrys laws, regulations, legal framework to avoid the illegal form in collecting donations which could affect their image in the future. For example, in UK, all the activities and operations of charitable organizations have to follow the regulations of   the Charities Act, 2006 () which requires the organization keep the annual records, prepare annual account and publish to public on request. So, the Oxfam organization in UK has to follow this regulation strictly in keeping all record about the income, expenditure from fundraising campaign as well as shop selling activities. PHILOSOPHIES Known as one of significant charitable firms in the world, Oxfams marketing concept can be considered as Societal marketing concept. The firm with societial marketing concept manages their marketing strategy in the way that emphasizes on determining and satisfying the needs, wants and interests of target market more efficiently and effectively than competitor. of poor people and people living in poverty and SEGMENTATION; TARGETING; POSITIONING When an organization knows about their target audience, they know everything and it is much easier for them to able to communicate with their target audience. There are many factors that an organization should know about target audience, which can be age, gender, income, types of products they use, programs they watch, etc. The target market of Oxfam charitable organization is the people in poor condition and needs assistances from all areas, regions, religions, etc in all over the world. The target market of the organization also emphasizes on people who are living in condition of injustice, specially women and girls. http://www.oxfamtrailwalker.org.nz/about/oxfam http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/what/purpose-and-beliefs http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/why http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/accountability/strategic-plan